Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Currently, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is defined by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cells that culminates in dependence on exogenous insulin, typically 1–3 years after diagnosis. This ability to maintain a residual function of pancreatic β cells is, however, heterogeneous, appearing to be worst if the disease is early diagnosed. Recently, it was demonstrated that many type 1 diabetic patients produce small amounts of insulin decades after...

Introduction: Sheehan’s syndrome (SS) is a cause of partial or total hypopituitarism that occurs after postpartum pituitary infarction, in the context of serious bleeding and/or hypotension. With the advancement of obstetric care, it has become a rare disease in developed countries, but its prevalence may be underestimated. Clinical presentation is dependent on the severity of hormonal deficits, is often nonspecific and many women may be asymptomatic for years. These reas...

Introduction: Leydig cell tumors are the most common testicular sex cord stromal tumors. The most frequent clinical presentation is a testicular mass. However, they can present with endocrine manifestations, and gynecomastia is the most common presentation. Hyperprolactinemia can cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and in males, is also a cause of gynecomastia.Clinical case: A 24-years-old male was referred to our Endocrinology Department due to hyperpr...

Introduction: PROP1-related combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is associated with deficiencies of growth hormone (GH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); prolactin (PRL); and occasionally adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).Clinical case: We report a clinical case of a progressive CPHD in a man presenting with first symptoms of hypocortisolism at the age of 75 years....

Background: Catecholamine-secreting tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic ganglia are respectively referred to as pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. The classic triad of symptoms in patients with pheochromocytoma (PHEO)consists of episodic headache, sweating, and tachycardia. Approximately one-half have paroxysmal hypertension; the rest have either primary hypertension or normal blood pressure. Clinicians should always consider P...

Background: Permanent hypoparathyroidism can result from immune-mediated destruction of the parathyroid glands. Alternatively it may result from activating antibodies to the calcium sensing receptor that decrease parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism is a common feature of poliglandular autoimmune syndrome type I. Other causes, all very rare, include irradiation and storage of infiltrative diseases of the parathyroid glands. Neurological signs of h...

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk in adult life. Nevertheless, data regarding pediatric age is scarce. We aimed to evaluate cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in pediatric age.Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of patients with CAH evaluated in a Pediatric Endocrinology Unit in a central hospital. Pat...

Introduction: The economic burden of obesity on healthcare systems is increasing. Bariatric surgery leads to considerable weight loss and health improvement. However, this surgery is costly and doubts about its affordability have been raised. Few studies have assessed outcomes such as drug use and costs after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug consumption and costs before and after bariatric surgery.Methods: Retrospectively, da...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for stroke and has been shown that diabetic patients who suffer stroke have a worse prognosis, with greater morbidity and mortality.Objectives: Determination of the prevalence of DM in hospitalised patients for ischaemic stroke. Comparison of demographic variables, complications prevalence, length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Assessment of ...

Background: The adrenal incidentalomas (AI), adrenal masses ≥10 mm in diameter incidentally detected, have increased their prevalence due to technological advances in imaging. The adrenalectomy is indicated in functioning adrenal tumors and in cases suspected of malignancy.Objectives: To analyze the characteristics of patients with AI and to evaluate the clinical outcome, in terms of evolution toward hypersecretion and significant growth, during fo...